Action 36 - NPT Monitor

China

What has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle 2022–2026)?

China has aligned its national export control system with multilaterally negotiated guidelines and understandings, particularly those developed under nuclear-related export control arrangements.

China formally joined the Nuclear Suppliers Group in 2004 and committed to implementing its guidelines on nuclear and nuclear-related exports, which aim to prevent the diversion of civilian nuclear technology to weapons programs.

In parallel, China joined and incorporated elements of the Zangger Committee trigger list and other international best practices into its national control lists and licensing procedures, thereby embedding multilateral standards into domestic regulation.

What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle 2022–2026?

China has continued to participate in the Zangger Committee and NSG and has co-sponsored relevant NPT working papers.

China’s 2026 Atomic Energy Law has entered into force, which further strengthens nuclear import and export management.

Sources

Implementation of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons–Report submitted by the People’s Republic of China, NPT/CONF.2015/32, 17 April 2015

Implementation of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in the People’s Republic of China, NPT/CONF.2020/41, 28 January 2022

White Paper: China’s Arms Control, Disarmament, and Nonproliferation in the New Era, State Council Information Office, November 27, 2025

Implementation of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in the People’s Republic of China, NPT/CONF.2026/33, 17 April 2026

Statement by the Chinese Delegation on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy at the Third Session of the Preparatory Committee for the 2026 NPT Review Conference, May 9 2025

China’s Non-proliferation and Export Control Laws and Regulations, updated Aug 29 2025

France

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What has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle 2022–2026)?

France is a member of the Zangger Committee, Australia Group, Wassenaar Arrangement and Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). It is active in these regimes to update control lists. As it joined these regimes, France has ensured that its bilateral civil nuclear cooperation agreements with third countries and the cooperation undertaken in those frameworks respect the commitments taken within them. Regulation (EU) 2021/821 is also implemented for the control of dual-use goods and technologies.

What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle 2022–2026?

France has continued to take part in the Zangger Committee, Australia Group, Wassenaar Arrangement and Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR).

Sources

National Report submitted by France. Report submitted by France under actions 5, 20 and 21 of the Final Document of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (2022–2026). NPT/CONF.2026/PC.III/2. 7 March 2025, https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2026/PC.III/2

Regulation (EU) 2021/821 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2021 setting up a Union regime for the control of exports, brokering, technical assistance, transit and transfer of dual-use items (recast), PE/54/2020/REV/2, 20 May 2021, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/821/oj/eng

Russia

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What has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle 2022–2026)?

Russia developed its national export control system in conformity with the principles of the Nuclear Suppliers Group and the Zangger Committee. Russian legislation requires its civilian nuclear cooperation partners to be Party to the NPT and comply with IAEA safeguards.

What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle 2022–2026?

Russia reaffirmed that its national export control system is based on the principles of the Nuclear Suppliers Group and the Zangger Committee, and the export rules and control lists produced by them. Russia implements the recorded decisions of the Nuclear Suppliers Group and the Zangger Committee in its regulatory framework in a timely manner and without delay.

Sources

National report of the Russian Federation for the 2015 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (New York), 21 May 2015.

https://www.un.org/en/conf/npt/2015/pdf/NPT-CONF2015-48_National%20report%20of%20the%20Russian%20Fed_E.pdf

National report of the Russian Federation, 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (New York), 19 March 2021.

https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2020/17/Rev.1

National report of the Russian Federation, 2026 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (New York), 2 March 2026.

https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2026/14

United Kingdom

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What has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle 2022–2026)?

The UK’s national export control framework implements the control lists and guidelines of the NSG and the Zangger Committee. Both the Zangger Committee and the NSG were established by nuclear suppliers including the UK to coordinate their nuclear supply policies in order to comply with the NPT and other commitments to nuclear non-proliferation.

In 2019, the UK reviewed its interpretation of the NSG guidelines and strengthened its controls on re-export of UK items already abroad through the ongoing exchange of government-to-government assurances.

What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle 2022–2026?

The United Kingdom’s national framework has continued to implement the control lists and guidelines of the Nuclear Suppliers Group and the Zangger Committee.

The UK welcomed the publication in November 2025 of an update to the Zangger Committee’s Trigger List. The UK also updated its guidance for the UK nuclear industry in February 2024 to set out the reporting requirements to ensure compliance with its Nuclear Cooperation Agreements and other safeguards obligations, as well as import and export requirements.

The UK Strategic Export Controls Annual Report 2024 states that the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero provides advice on NSG-related matters, ensuring that any additional documentation required from other governments is secured in advance of providing recommendations on export licence applications involving nuclear items.

Sources

Department for Business and Trade (2025). International non-proliferation and arms control regimes. https://www.gov.uk/guidance/international-non-proliferation-and-arms-control-regimes

Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (2021). UK national report pursuant to Actions 5, 20 and 21 of the NPT Review Conference 2010, for the 10th NPT Review Conference. 1 November. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/treaty-on-the-non-proliferation-of-nuclear-weapons-uk-national-report-for-the-10th-review-conference

Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (2026). National report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland pursuant to actions 5, 20 and 21 of the action plan of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons for the eleventh Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty. <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df600a53469bbcdf408e8b/UK-National-Report-11th-Treaty-on-the-Non-Proliferation-of-Nuclear-Weapons-NPT-Review-Conference.pdf>

Department for Energy Security and Net Zero / Department for Business and Trade (2025). UK Strategic Export Controls Annual Report 2024. July. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/687910bc7ea2091686363947/UK_Strategic_Export_Controls_Annual_Report_2024.pdf

United States

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