Countries

France is one of five recognized nuclear-weapon states under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), having signed and ratified it in 1992. France commits to the treaty’s three pillars—non-proliferation, peaceful use of nuclear energy, and disarmament—while maintaining an independent nuclear deterrent of approximately 290 warheads.

Russia is one of five recognized nuclear-weapon states under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), having succeeded the Soviet Union’s signature and ratification in 1970. Russia commits to the treaty’s three pillars—non-proliferation, peaceful use of nuclear energy, and disarmament—while maintaining the world’s largest nuclear arsenal of approximately 5,500 warheads.

The United Kingdom is one of five recognized nuclear-weapon states under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), having signed in 1968 and ratified it in 1970. The UK commits to the treaty’s three pillars—non-proliferation, peaceful use of nuclear energy, and disarmament—while maintaining a “minimum credible” nuclear deterrent of approximately 225 warheads (of which 120 are operationally available).

The United States is one of five recognized nuclear-weapon states under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), having signed in 1968 and ratified it in 1970. The U.S. commits to the treaty’s three pillars—non-proliferation, peaceful use of nuclear energy, and disarmament—while maintaining a modernized Nuclear Triad (land, air, and sea-based delivery systems) with an arsenal of approximately 5,000 warheads.