Action 33 - NPT Monitor

China

What has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle 2022–2026)?

China has provided political and technical support for the IAEA’s safeguards function. As a nuclear-weapon State, China concluded a voluntary offer safeguards agreement with the IAEA and brought an Additional Protocol into force in 2002. Under this framework, China has cooperated with the IAEA in the application of safeguards to selected peaceful nuclear facilities. China also joined the IAEA Member State Support Programme in 2007 and undertook research and development work on safeguards verification tools and methods, including work related to measurement uncertainty and safeguards concepts. China has further supported safeguards training through the China-IAEA Joint Training Center on Nuclear Safeguards and Security

China has structured its financial support to the IAEA around a combination of assessed contributions, voluntary funding, and extra-budgetary support. China has consistently fulfilled its assessed obligations to the Agency and gradually increased its financial weight as its overall UN contribution share rose. At the same time, it has become as a reliable contributor to the Technical Cooperation Fund (TCF), emphasizing full and timely payment and supporting capacity-building in developing countries.

In addition, China began providing extra-budgetary contributions and in-kind assistance, particularly in nuclear security and safeguards cooperation. For instance, since 2011 China has made continuous contributions to the IAEA Nuclear Security Fund, supporting capacity-building projects in the Asia-Pacific region and reinforcing its role as a contributor to global nuclear governance.

What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle 2022–2026?

China has continued to call for political support to the IAEA’s safeguards mandate. At the 2025 NPT Preparatory Committee, China stated that the international community should improve the universality of IAEA comprehensive safeguards agreements and additional protocols and support the IAEA in enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of its safeguards system on the basis of fairness, objectivity and transparency. In its 2026 NPT national report, China stated that it had submitted 30 nuclear facilities to IAEA safeguards and continued technical support through the Member State Support Programme, the IAEA Network of Analytical Laboratories, joint development of safeguards approaches for China’s high-temperature gas-cooled reactor demonstration project, and the China-IAEA Joint Training Center on Nuclear Safeguards and Security.

Financially, China’s support to the IAEA has become more substantial, diversified, and development-oriented. China has emerged as one of the largest contributors to the TCF, with contributions reaching approximately €14 million in 2025 (around 14-15% of the total), and cumulative contributions exceeding US$120 million.

Beyond core funding, China has expanded its extra-budgetary and project-based contributions, including financial and in-kind support for nuclear security, technical assistance (e.g., in 2023, China provided 200,000 EUR of extra budgetary contributions to the IAEA to support its technical assistance to Ukraine on nuclear safety and security), and infrastructure such as the IAEA Nuclear Security Training and Demonstration Centre (in 2024, China donated a batch of nuclear security equipment worth 490,000 EUR as in-kind contribution to the Centre).

Sources

Statement by the Chinese Representative under the Agenda Item Strengthening the Agency’s Activities Related to Nuclear Science, Technology and Applications: Nuclear Technology Review 2026 at the March Board of Governors Meeting of the IAEA, Mar 9 2026

IAEA and China's Development Agency Sign Groundbreaking Agreement to Support Developing Countries, Oct 15 2021

China Boosts Support for IAEA Development and Security Initiatives, Sep 19 2004

Implementation of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Report submitted by the People's Republic of China, May 17, 2005

A mixed funding pattern: China's exercise of power within the United Nations, 23 May 2024

Statement at the June Board of Governors of the IAEA under the Agenda Item of Report of the Programme and Budget Committee, June 12 2025

Implementation of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons–Report submitted by the People’s Republic of China, NPT/CONF.2015/32, 17 April 2015

Implementation of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in the People’s Republic of China, NPT/CONF.2020/41, 28 January 2022

Implementation of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in the People’s Republic of China, NPT/CONF.2026/33, 17 April 2026

White Paper: China’s Arms Control, Disarmament, and Nonproliferation in the New Era, State Council Information Office, November 27, 2025

Statement by the Chinese Delegation on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy at the Third Session of the Preparatory Committee for the 2026 NPT Review Conference, May 9 2025

France

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What has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle 2022–2026)?

In 1983, France established the French Support Programme for IAEA safeguards (PFSG), which provides for technology transfer, financial contributions and expert advice to the IAEA Department of Safeguards. The PFSG is coordinated by the CEA International Relations Division. In addition to CEA, the programme also involves other French stakeholders: EDF, the Ministry of the Armed Forces/Nuclear Defence and Security Expertise Division (DEND) (formerly IRSN), the Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs, and Orano in particular. Under the programme, training activities for the Agency (for example on the fuel cycle and enrichment processes), including regular visits to French sites, participation in the Agency’s analyses, including interlaboratory comparisons. France has provided other exceptional contributions, in particular 1 million euros allocated between 2020 and 2022 to support the refurbishment of the LG-SIMS mass spectrometer. The European Commission also supports IAEA nuclear safeguards.

What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle 2022–2026?

France continues to assist the IAEA Department of Safeguards through the French Support Programme for IAEA safeguards (PFSG). In 2024, more than 1.4 million euro was allocated to the Department, mostly through the programme, as an extra-budgetary contribution. A French expert is seconded in the Department of Safeguards

Sources

National Report submitted by France. Report submitted by France under actions 5, 20 and 21 of the Final Document of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (2022–2026). NPT/CONF.2026/PC.III/2. 7 March 2025, https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2026/PC.III/2

National report submitted by France. National report pursuant to actions 5, 20 and 21 of the final document of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons: 2015–2022. NPT/CONF.2020/42. (New York), 20 December 2021. https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2020/42

France’s support for the International Atomic Energy Agency, Working paper submitted by France, NPT/CONF.2026/PC.III/WP.11, 5 March 2025, https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n25/060/12/pdf/n2506012.pdf

Russia

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What has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle 2022–2026)?

Russia has consistently cooperated with the IAEA in reinforcing the conceptual and technical framework used by the IAEA Department of Safeguards and provided political, technical and financial support to the Agency in that regard, including through the Russian Safeguards Support Programme.

What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle 2022–2026?

Russia continued to cooperate with the IAEA in reinforcing the conceptual and technical framework used by the IAEA Department of Safeguards and to provide political, technical and financial support to the Agency.

In its report to the 2026 NPT Review Conference Russia highlighted the following relevant activities:

- Russia assisted the IAEA by examining in its analytical laboratories environmental samples collected by the Agency during inspections
- Russia performed joint missions with the IAEA to elaborate approaches to verification for new types of nuclear plants, such as mobile nuclear power plants with small modular reactors, and to examine the feasibility of safeguards by design
- Russia supported development of new technologies are being developed to detect undeclared nuclear materials and activities and the Agency’s efforts to develop innovative measurement equipment that would allow for more accurate control of irradiated nuclear fuel its efforts to establish uniform non-discriminatory methods for implementing safeguards at facilities that are being decommissioned.
- Russia emphasized importance of training of the Agency’s inspectors, including in the use of non-destructive techniques for testing nuclear material and in the conduct of inspections at uranium enrichment facilities.
- Russia provided training in nuclear material accounting and control to IAEA Secretariat staff.

Sources

National report of the Russian Federation for the 2015 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (New York), 21 May 2015.

https://www.un.org/en/conf/npt/2015/pdf/NPT-CONF2015-48_National%20report%20of%20the%20Russian%20Fed_E.pdf

National report of the Russian Federation, 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (New York), 19 March 2021.

https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2020/17/Rev.1

National report of the Russian Federation, 2026 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (New York), 2 March 2026.

https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2026/14

United Kingdom

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What has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle 2022–2026)?

The UK Safeguards Support Programme provided continuous political, technical and financial support to the IAEA throughout the prior cycle. The UK is one of the largest extrabudgetary contributors to the IAEA and consistently paid its Technical Cooperation Fund contributions in full and on time throughout this period.

What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle 2022–2026?

The UK has continued to provide political, technical and financial support to the IAEA over the current review cycle. This includes inspector training, network laboratories for the analysis of environmental sampling, provision of open-source information relevant to safeguards, provision of technical experts, and support to IAEA responses to potential future challenges such as Small Modular Reactors.

The UK states that “From 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2025, the UK Safeguards Support Programme provided just under £8m of in-kind and financial contributions to the IAEA’s Department of Safeguards Development and Implementation Support Programme for Nuclear Verification”.

The UK has also provided targeted financial support to the IAEA in response to the Ukraine crisis. The UK provided a total of £5 million to the IAEA to support its work in Ukraine since Russia’s invasion, including £750,000 announced in June 2023 to support IAEA nuclear safety missions, training in detection of radiological materials and expert investigative missions to nuclear power plants.

Sources

Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (2021). UK national report pursuant to Actions 5, 20 and 21 of the NPT Review Conference 2010, for the 10th NPT Review Conference. 1 November. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/treaty-on-the-non-proliferation-of-nuclear-weapons-uk-national-report-for-the-10th-review-conference

Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (2026). National report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland pursuant to actions 5, 20 and 21 of the action plan of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons for the eleventh Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty (London). <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df600a53469bbcdf408e8b/UK-National-Report-11th-Treaty-on-the-Non-Proliferation-of-Nuclear-Weapons-NPT-Review-Conference.pdf>

Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (2026). National report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland pursuant to actions 5, 20 and 21 of the action plan of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons for the eleventh Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty (London), p. 22. <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df600a53469bbcdf408e8b/UK-National-Report-11th-Treaty-on-the-Non-Proliferation-of-Nuclear-Weapons-NPT-Review-Conference.pdf>

Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (2023). Ukraine: UK boosts funding to International Atomic Energy Agency. 8 June. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ukraine-uk-boosts-funding-to-international-atomic-energy-agency

United States

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