China
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
Sources
France
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
France and the European Union have supported politically, financially and technically the establishment, under the aegis of IAEA, of a low enriched uranium bank in Kazakhstan, to provide guaranteed access to nuclear fuel for States unable to obtain it on the regular competitive market. Orano supplied some of the low enriched uranium stored in the bank.
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
As the international Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) bank is operational in Kazakhstan, no new elements have been implemented for this action.
Sources
The EU co-funded Low Enriched Uranium Bank becomes operational at a purpose-built facility in Kazakhstan, European Union External Action Service, 17 October 2019, Vienna, https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/eu-co-funded-low-enriched-uranium-bank-becomes-operational-purpose-built-facility-kazakhstan_en
Joint Statement by the Leaders of Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Norway, People's Republic of China, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Spain, Sweden, UAE, UK and USA on the Low Enriched Uranium Bank in Kazakhstan, Nuclear Security Summit, Washington DC, 5 April 2016, https://www.nss2016.org/document-center-docs/2016/4/1/joint-statement-on-leu-fuel-bank
Russia
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
Sources
United Kingdom
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
Sources
United States
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
In President Obama’s 2009 Prague speech, he emphasized U.S. support for an international fuel bank to allow countries to access peaceful power without increasing the risks of proliferation. In 2019, the United States contributed nearly $50 million to the establishment and operationalization of the IAEA’s Low Enriched Uranium Bank in Kazakhstan.
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
In 2023, the United States, alongside Canada, France, Japan, and the United Kingdom, established the Sapporo 5 group to support the stable supply of reactor fuels and to reduce global reliance on Russian supply chains by increasing the availability of commercial free-market alternatives in the supply of civil nuclear technologies. At COP28, these leaders pledged $4.2 billion in government-led investments “to establish a resilient global uranium supply market free from Russian influence.”
Sources
The White House. “Remarks By President Barack Obama In Prague As Delivered.” Office of the Press Secretary. April 5, 2009. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-barack-obama-prague-delivered.
United States of America. "Actions 5, 20 and 21 of the Action Plan of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons: Report Submitted by the United States of America." NPT/CONF.2020/47. Tenth Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, United Nations, New York, August 1–26, 2022. https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2020/47.
U.S. Department of Energy. “Statement on Civil Nuclear Fuel Cooperation Between the United States, Canada, France, Japan, and the United Kingdom.” April 17, 2023. https://www.energy.gov/articles/statement-civil-nuclear-fuel-cooperation-between-united-states-canada-france-japan-and.
U.S. Department of Energy. “At COP28, U.S., Canada, France, Japan, and UK Announce Plans to Mobilize $4.2 Billion for Reliable Global Nuclear Energy Supply Chain.” December 7, 2023. https://www.energy.gov/articles/cop28-us-canada-france-japan-and-uk-announce-plans-mobilize-42-billion-reliable-global.