Action 48 - NPT Monitor

China

What has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle 2022–2026)?

China has consistently reaffirmed the right of all NPT States parties to participate in the fullest possible exchange of equipment, materials and scientific and technological information for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. It has supported the central role of the IAEA in facilitating peaceful-use cooperation and has used bilateral and multilateral channels to promote nuclear technology exchange.

China has concluded intergovernmental agreements on peaceful nuclear-energy cooperation with more than 30 countries and has supported training and education for developing countries through nuclear-energy management schools, scholarships and technical cooperation.

China has also framed peaceful-use exchanges broadly, covering not only nuclear power but also nuclear applications in agriculture, medicine, industry, environmental protection, resources and other development-related fields.

What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle 2022–2026?

Continuing the above trend, China reported practical contributions to peaceful-use exchanges, including more than $120 million in contributions to the IAEA Technical Cooperation Fund, support to IAEA technical cooperation through technical, human and material resources, five consecutive years of China-IAEA Nuclear Energy Management Schools for more than 250 professionals from 36 newcomer countries, and the China Atomic Energy Scholarship Program for 400 students from 46 developing countries.

China has announced the opening of 12 nuclear research facilities to international scientists, increasing access to research reactors and advanced nuclear devices.

Sources

Statement by the Chinese Delegation on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy at the Third Session of the Preparatory Committee for the 2026 NPT Review Conference, May 6 2025

China opens 12 nuclear research facilities to global scientists, Sep 18, 2024

Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy in China: Achievements and Prospects, Oct 23, 2002

Implementation of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons in the People’s Republic of China, NPT/CONF.2026/33, 17 April 2026

France

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What has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle 2022–2026)?

France has regularly paid extra-budgetary contributions allotted to technical cooperation projects, especially to the Technical Cooperation programme or the Peaceful Uses Initiative. It has participated in kind to many projects, providing experts, laboratories and other facilities, or hosting workshops and assisting with training of experts from third countries.

What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle 2022–2026?

In 2024, France contributed 250 000 euros to extra-budgetary contributions allotted to technical cooperation projects (6th individual country by contribution). In 2024, this contribution supported among other the Introduction of nuclear power project, a four-year new interregional project to support Member States in developing national infrastructure for safe, secure and sustainable nuclear power programmes. France also provides supports to the Peaceful Uses Initiative. More specifically, France was a donor to the ‘Rays of Hope’ programme in 2024, it hosted a ‘Zodiac’ National Laboratory and was one of the national coordinators of the programme which aims to prepare for and respond to zoonotic diseases. The yearly International School of Nuclear Law was held in Montpellier in 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025. In 2024, ten radiopharmacists participated in the School of Radiopharmacy, organised by the Agency in collaboration with France’s National Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology. Two Research Reactor Schools, conducted in France and the Russian Federation, trained young professionals from 17 Member States in a broad range of topics related to physics, safe operation and applications.

Sources

National Report submitted by France. Report submitted by France under actions 5, 20 and 21 of the Final Document of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (2022–2026). NPT/CONF.2026/PC.III/2. 7 March 2025, https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2026/PC.III/2

Technical Cooperation Report for 2024, Report By the Director General, IAEA, https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/gc/gc69-inf6.pdf

Atoms for Peace and Development, Annual Report, 2024, https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/gc/gc69-3.pdf

Russia

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What has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle 2022–2026)?

Russia has consistently reaffirmed its support for broad access to the benefits of peaceful nuclear energy for NPT states parties and provided political, financial and expert support to various IAEA activities related to promotion, assistance and capacity building in the area of peaceful uses of nuclear energy

Russia offered technical assistance, expertise and education on peaceful uses of nuclear energy uses through various cooperation programmes and provided nuclear newcomer countries with assistance in establishing all necessary infrastructure for successful and safe implementation of their national nuclear energy programmes, including countries where Russia is building nuclear power plants

What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle 2022–2026?

Russia continued to express support for broad access to the benefits of peaceful nuclear energy for NPT states parties.

Russia continued to implement programmes aimed at providing technical assistance, expertise and education on peaceful uses of nuclear energy to NPT states parties and to provide support to relevant IAEA activities.

Sources

National report of the Russian Federation for the 2015 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (New York), 21 May 2015.

https://www.un.org/en/conf/npt/2015/pdf/NPT-CONF2015-48_National%20report%20of%20the%20Russian%20Fed_E.pdf

National report of the Russian Federation, 2026 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (New York), 2 March 2026.

https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2026/14

National report of the Russian Federation, 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (New York), 19 March 2021.

https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2020/17/Rev.1

Statement by the Russian Federation. Cluster III: Peaceful uses of nuclear energy. 2023 Preparatory Committee for the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (Vienna), 8 August 2023

https://docs-library.unoda.org/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons_-Preparatory_Committee_for_the_Eleventh_Review_ConferenceFirst_session_(2023)/Russia_NEW_Cluster_III_Russia.pdf

Statement by the Russian Federation. Cluster III: Peaceful uses of nuclear energy. 2024 Preparatory Committee for the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (Geneva), 29 July 2024

https://docs-library.unoda.org/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons_-Preparatory_Committee_for_the_Eleventh_Review_ConferenceSecond_session_(2024)/Russia_-_Cluster_III_-_ENG.pdf

Statement by the Russian Federation. Cluster III: Peaceful uses of nuclear energy. 2025 Preparatory Committee for the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (New York), 6 May 2025.

https://docs-library.unoda.org/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons_-Preparatory_Committee_for_the_Eleventh_Review_Conference_(2025)/Russia_-_Cluster_3_Eng.pdf

United Kingdom

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What has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle 2022–2026)?

The UK has an internationally integrated civil nuclear industry operating across the nuclear lifecycle, providing facilities and services for enrichment, chemical conversion, fuel production, generation, decommissioning, waste management and research. In 2021, the Nuclear Cooperation Agreements signed by the UK with Australia, Canada, the US and Euratom came into force. In 2019, the UK reviewed its interpretation of the NSG guidelines and strengthened its controls on re-export of UK items already abroad through the ongoing exchange of government-to-government assurances.

What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle 2022–2026?

The United Kingdom cooperates with other NPT States parties to support the exchange of civilian nuclear items (for power and non-power related applications) in line with NPT obligations and the NSG framework. The UK supports exchange through the IAEA’s Regular Budget and Technical Cooperation (TC) Fund and promotion of peaceful uses of nuclear technology. The UK has consistently reaffirmed the right of States parties to participate in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy in accordance with Article IV of the Treaty. The UK continues to explore Nuclear Cooperation Agreements with other partners where it would be mutually beneficial, and supports the exchange of civil nuclear items through the IAEA’s Technical Cooperation Programme and contributions to the Peaceful Uses Initiative.

Sources

Foreign and Commonwealth Office (2022). National report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland pursuant to actions 5, 20 and 21 of the action plan of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons for the tenth Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty (London), 5 November. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/treaty-on-the-non-proliferation-of-nuclear-weapons-uk-national-report-for-the-10th-review-conference/uk-national-report-pursuant-to-actions-5-20-and-21-of-the-treaty-on-the-npt-review-conference-2010-for-the-10th-npt-review-conference

Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (2026). National report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland pursuant to actions 5, 20 and 21 of the action plan of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons for the eleventh Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty. <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df600a53469bbcdf408e8b/UK-National-Report-11th-Treaty-on-the-Non-Proliferation-of-Nuclear-Weapons-NPT-Review-Conference.pdf>

United States

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