Action 47 - NPT Monitor

China

What has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle 2022–2026)?

China has consistently supported the right of all States parties to the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and has opposed restrictions that it views as discriminatory, politically motivated or inconsistent with Article IV of the NPT.

China has framed peaceful uses as an inalienable right and has emphasized that non-proliferation measures should not undermine legitimate nuclear energy cooperation, including cooperation related to fuel-cycle policies, provided that such cooperation remains peaceful and consistent with safeguards and non-proliferation obligations.

China has also supported IAEA technical cooperation and concluded intergovernmental agreements on peaceful nuclear-energy cooperation with more than 30 countries.

What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle 2022–2026?

In its proposed elements for the 2026 NPT Review Conference final document, China called for reaffirming peaceful uses as an inalienable right, rejecting politicization and inappropriate restrictions on Global South countries, and opposing the use of non-proliferation as a pretext for ideological division, overextended national-security claims, export-control decoupling and supply-chain disruption. At the same time, China stated that peaceful uses should not be used as a pretext for proliferation activities.

Sources

Statement by the Chinese Delegation on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy at the Third Session of the Preparatory Committee for the 2026 NPT Review Conference, May 6 2025

Working Paper on the Elements of the Final Document of The NPT Eleventh Review Conference, April 30, 2026

France

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What has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle 2022–2026)?

France has mentioned regularly and officially that the inalienable right of States Parties to the Non-Proliferation Treaty to develop and use civil nuclear energy and its applications for peaceful purposes is a fundamental principle of the non-proliferation regime, provided that states comply with their international non-proliferation commitments and obligations.

What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle 2022–2026?

On 10 March 2026, France hosted the second world Nuclear Energy Summit, in close collaboration with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Heads of State and Government, leaders of international organizations and financial institutions, industrial actors and experts to advance the global deployment of nuclear energy to address major energy and climate challenges.

Sources

Declaration of the Nuclear Alliance, Elysee.fr, 11 March 2026, https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2026/03/11/declaration-of-the-nuclear-alliance

National Report submitted by France. Report submitted by France under actions 5, 20 and 21 of the Final Document of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (2022–2026). NPT/CONF.2026/PC.III/2. 7 March 2025, https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2026/PC.III/2

World Nuclear Energy Summit (10 March 2026), France Diplomatie, 20 February 2026, https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/presse-et-ressources/decouvrir-et-informer/actualites/sommet-mondial-sur-l-energie-nucleaire-10-mars-2026

Russia

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What has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle 2022–2026)?

Russia has consistently advocated broad access to the benefits of peaceful nuclear energy for NPT states parties, noting that it respects each country’s choices and decisions in the field of peaceful uses of nuclear energy without jeopardizing its policies or international cooperation agreements and arrangements for peaceful uses of nuclear energy and its fuel cycle policies.

What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle 2022–2026?

Russia continued to advocate broader access for NPT States Parties to the benefits of peaceful nuclear energy and promote international cooperation in this sphere.

At the 2026 NPT Review Conference Russia underlined that each State Party to the Treaty has the right to pursue its national nuclear energy policy independently without interference, and to cooperate in this field without discrimination.

Russia noted that imposing unilateral coercive measures, creating artificial barriers to bilateral and international cooperation and undermining the principle of equal access to nuclear materials, equipment and technical information to be used for peaceful purposes are violations of article IV of the NPT.

Sources

National report of the Russian Federation for the 2015 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (New York), 21 May 2015.

https://www.un.org/en/conf/npt/2015/pdf/NPT-CONF2015-48_National%20report%20of%20the%20Russian%20Fed_E.pdf

National report of the Russian Federation, 2026 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (New York), 2 March 2026.

https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2026/14

National report of the Russian Federation, 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (New York), 19 March 2021.

https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2020/17/Rev.1

United Kingdom

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What has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle 2022–2026)?

At the 2015 NPT Review Conference, the UK reaffirmed the inalienable right of all States Parties to access the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, provided that they are in compliance with their obligations, and stated its readiness to assist states in the development of safe and secure civil nuclear energy.

The 10th Review Conference national report (2021) confirmed that the UK is committed to ensuring that other countries benefit from the UK’s expertise and experience, and that the UK’s internationally integrated civil nuclear industry operates across the full nuclear lifecycle, providing facilities and services for enrichment, chemical conversion, fuel production, generation, decommissioning, waste management and research.

What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle 2022–2026?

The United Kingdom routinely reaffirms the inalienable right of NPT States parties to pursue peaceful uses of nuclear energy, as set out in the NPT in NPT statements. The UK states that it “supports States parties freedom to develop, produce and benefit from a range of power and non-power applications of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.”

Sources

Foreign and Commonwealth Office (2022). National report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland pursuant to actions 5, 20 and 21 of the action plan of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons for the tenth Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty (London), 5 November. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/treaty-on-the-non-proliferation-of-nuclear-weapons-uk-national-report-for-the-10th-review-conference/uk-national-report-pursuant-to-actions-5-20-and-21-of-the-treaty-on-the-npt-review-conference-2010-for-the-10th-npt-review-conference

Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (2026). National report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland pursuant to actions 5, 20 and 21 of the action plan of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons for the eleventh Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty. <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df600a53469bbcdf408e8b/UK-National-Report-11th-Treaty-on-the-Non-Proliferation-of-Nuclear-Weapons-NPT-Review-Conference.pdf>

Department of Trade and Industry (2006). Explanatory Memorandum to the Export of Radioactive Sources (Control) Order 2006. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/1846/pdfs/uksiem_20061846_en.pdf.

United States

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