China
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
Sources
France
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
France has concluded several intergovernmental agreements related civil nuclear cooperation with third countries (Australia, Ukraine, Saudi Arabia, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Mexico, Morocco, Mongolia, Morocco, Tunisia, Vietnam, Slovakia, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, Brazil, Argentina, Switzerland….), which include clauses that make the materials, goods and equipment subject to IAEA safeguards. Civil nuclear cooperation with third countries is conditioned to their implementation of safeguards.
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
France has continued to implement intergovernmental agreements related civil nuclear cooperation with third countries which include clauses that make the materials, goods and equipment subject to IAEA safeguards.
Sources
National Report submitted by France. Report submitted by France under actions 5, 20 and 21 of the Final Document of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (2022–2026). NPT/CONF.2026/PC.III/2. 7 March 2025, https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2026/PC.III/2
Russia
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
Sources
United Kingdom
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
Sources
United States
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
Section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 established a legally binding framework for the United States to establish significant peaceful nuclear cooperation with other countries. 123 Agreements legally mandate the U.S. partner country’s adherence to nine non-proliferation criteria, including legal obligations for U.S. partners to maintain strong standards with regard to International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards.
In addition, the Fiscal Year 2020 National Defense Authorization Act included a provision prohibiting the President from submitting a Nuclear Proliferation Assessment Statement to Congress “with respect to a proposed cooperation agreement with any country that has not signed and implemented an Additional Protocol with the International Atomic Energy Agency.”
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
During the current Review Cycle, the United States concluded 123 Agreements with five new countries: Singapore, the Philippines, Armenia, Thailand, Mexico.
In November 2025, the Trump administration finalized a series of agreements covering nuclear cooperation with Saudi Arabia that could potentially undermine the United States’ longstanding non-proliferation policy priorities, given that Saudi Arabia has not adopted the Additional Protocol. The Trump administration has reportedly issued a waiver to Congress granting the President the ability to circumvent the provision in the Fiscal Year 2020 National Defense Authorization Act; however, Congress has not yet made a decision as to whether it will approve the agreement.
Sources
U.S. Department of State. “123 Agreements: Fact Sheet.” July 2025. https://www.state.gov/bureau-of-international-security-and-nonproliferation/releases/2025/01/123-agreements.
U.S. Government Publishing Office. Sec. 1264: Limitation on Production of Nuclear Proliferation Assessment Statements, in National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020, Public Law 116-92. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-116publ92/html/PLAW-116publ92.htm.
Kerr, Paul K., and Nikitin, Mary Beth D. “Nuclear Cooperation with Other Countries: A Primer.” Congressional Research Service. RS22937. February 10, 2026. https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/RS22937.
U.S. Embassy in Armenia. “Joint Statement on the Completion of Negotiations on an Agreement for Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation Between the United States of America and the Republic of Armenia.” February 10, 2026. https://am.usembassy.gov/joint-statement-on-the-completion-of-negotiations-on-an-agreement-for-peaceful-nuclear-cooperation-between-the-united-states-of-america-and/.
The White House. “Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Solidifies Economic and Defense Partnership with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.” November 18, 2025. https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/11/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-solidifies-economic-and-defense-partnership-with-the-kingdom-of-saudi-arabia/.
Schwartz, Lowell, H. “How Congress Should Judge a Saudi Nuclear Cooperation Agreement.” Just Security. February 12, 2026. https://www.justsecurity.org/131259/congress-judge-saudi-nuclear-cooperation/.